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Xu Beihong (1895-1953) is a master of arts and an outstanding educator of fine arts in China. At the first half of the 20th century when China¡¯s arts entered into its modern stage, Xu Beihong was undoubtedly a great figure in the arts field. To change the situation of plagiarization and imitation, and listless style for lack of life experience in Chinese painting then, he was the first to integrate the exquisite realistic practice of western paintings to Chinese paintings, following good command of both of them, exploring a new and wide horizon for the revolution and development of traditional arts. Thanks to his outstanding achievements in the theory and practice of paintings, and huge contribution in the education of fine arts, he was once honored ¡°Father of Paintings in Contemporary China¡± by the international community.
In 1895, Xu Beihong was born at Qitingqiao Township, Yixing County, Jiangsu Province famous for its large productivity of literary figures and gifted scholars. His father Xu Dazhang was a well-known local artist and good at poems, calligraphy, seal cutting and especially painting. Since his childhood, Xu Beihong followed his father to study poems, calligraphy, painting, and seal cutting, which laid a solid foundation of traditional culture. At the age of 17, Xu Beihong had been a well-known artist in Yixing, and delivered courses of drawing at Yixing Girls Teachers¡¯ School, Pengcheng Middle School and Shiqi Primary School.
In 1916, Xu Beihong was engaged in a work-study program in the Department of French of Shanghai Zhendan University and worked hard on sketch in his spare time. In the summer vacations, he was employed by Mingzhi University to make paintings when he got to know Kang Youwei, Wang Guowei and other well-known scholars. On May the next year, Xu Beihong got his remuneration from Mingzhi University and went to Japan to study fine arts, and returned back at the end of the same year, when on December, he moved northward and was engaged by Peking University as a tutor of arts institute. Later, influenced by the New Culture Movement, he accepted the ideals of democracy and science, and became one of the main representatives of fine arts in the movement. At that time, he explicitly proposed to ¡°maintain those good practices in ancient Chinese paintings, inherit those valuable practices, revise those bad practices, perfect those deficient practices and integrate those available practices in western paintings.¡±
On Mar 1919, Xu Beihong boarded a ship from Shanghai to France with a determination in his mind to study science and democracy of the west, and reinvigorate China¡¯s fine arts. Following his arrival at Paris, Xu Beihong was enrolled by National Paris Fine Arts College and followed Flameng and Golmeng. In the winter of 1920, with the recommendation of Don Porter, a great sculptor of France, Xu Beihong became a student of Dagnan, who was a student of C¡¤ Corot, and a leader of France National Institute of Paintings. In the summer of 1921, he moved to Germany to visit Berlin Academy of Fine Arts, and then looked around various major museums, art galleries and fine arts relics of the United Kingdom, Belgium, Switzerland, Italy and other countries, meticulously viewing and researching great arts works in the past and emulating works of such masters as E. Delacroix, P.-P. Prud¡¯hon and Rembrandt. Following hard work and eager absorption on European arts for eight years, he finally made outstanding attainments in arts.
In the spring of 1927, Xu Beihong returned back motherland and tried to be involved in fine arts innovation and education. Soon, he acted as the Dean of the Department of Fine arts of Shanghai Nanguo Fine Arts College at the invitation of Tian Han, and was employed as a professor with the Department of Arts of Central University. In his teaching and innovation, he promoted realism and criticized formalism. On September 1929, recommended by Cai Yuanpei, he acted as the Dean of Arts College of Peking University, and promoted innovations on traditional Chinese painting, and opposed conservatism. He once paid a visit to artist Qi Baishi in person and invited him to act as a professor with the college. In 1930, he accomplished his oil painting work 500 Soldiers Crossing the Field, and Chinese painting Jiufanggao. In 1933, he accomplished his another oil painting work Waiting for Me, marking a new style in Chinese history paintings.
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